DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Definition
Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
We use quotation marks (“__________”) and it should be world for word

For Example :
Nicky said, “it’s hot Or “it’s hot, “Nicky said”

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words
that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Indirect Speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech this is because we are usually talking about a time in the post and obviously the person who spoke or ginally spoke in the past.

Remember
The changing of tenses

For example:

Direct speech and Indirect speech

Present simple Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice”. Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”. Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple Past Future

Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.

Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”. Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.

Present continuous Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”. Gama said he was playing football.

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

She said, “I was teaching earlier.” She said she had been teaching earlier.

There are three kinds of dirrect and indirrect speech:

1. Statement

Dirrect speech (Present Tense): The students go to the library once a day
Indirrect speech (Past Tense): The students went to the library once day
Dirrect speech (Present Countinous Tense): The students are reading books now
Indirrect speech (Past Countinous Tense): The students were reading books then
Dirrect speech (Past Tense): The students borrowed books last week
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had borrowed books the previous week
Dirrect speech (Present Perfect Tense): The students have returned the books
Indirrect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had returned the books
Dirrect speech (Future Tense): The students will borrow novels tomorrow
Indirrrect speech (Future Tense): The students would borrow novels the following day
Dirrect speech: The girls say, "We like reading een magazines."
Indirrect speech: The girls say that they like reading teen magazines.
Dirrect speech: Woody says,"I am on my way home."
Indirrect speech: Woody says that he is on his way home.
Dirrect speech: Riana says, " I can do this myself."
Indirrect speech: Riana says that she can do that herself.

2. Question

Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"Do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me whether I played football.
Dirrect speech: Peter asked me,"When do you play football?"
Indirrect speech: Peter asked me when I play football.

3. Command

Dirrect speech: Mother said to me, "Turn off the TV and preapare yourself."
Inddirect speech: Mother told me to turn off the TV an preapare myself.
Dirrect speech: Nollan said to me, "Don't go anywhere after tou have done our homework."
Indirrect speech: Nollan told me not to go anywhere after I had done my homework.

In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

English Primbon